Revolution in Pakistan free essay sample

Upheaval must be the single word, most idea of or utilized in Pakistan. Having being stuck as a country as a pendulum among precariousness and dormancy since the previous 67 years, the idea of an unrest is the thing that interests us most as an approach to get through this mess. While an ideological group discusses acquiring it while sitting in the Government, others continue craving for it. Everything is fine yet the issue is †as a matter of fact us. Upheaval is without a doubt the reflection of progress and intensity of the individuals. We are enjoyed a ridiculous outlook where we censure others for our disappointment. We don’t have guts to submit our shortcomings. We are living in a spot where we deny reality, our deformities and slip-ups and botches of our ‘leaders’, credit each occasion to ‘foreign hands’ and scan for a bit in everything to be placed into the clothing of connivance against the nation. We will compose a custom paper test on Insurgency in Pakistan or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As of late a great deal of us have begun to stay in it and there is a critical need to cleanse out of it and follow where we turned out badly. What is intended to be comprehended for all Pakistanis starved for a move in circumstances is that countries make nations and without us making progress toward an adjustment in our manner and build up the characteristics of solidarity, confidence and order, nothing will pivot in Pakistan. On the off chance that that occurs, our own one of a kind development will bring a quiet and bloodless upheaval, to which we as a whole have the way to, in the place where there is unadulterated. This is the best way to get insurgency Pakistan. We are a country with boundless gifts and ability. On the off chance that we comprehend our fundamental shortcoming, we will have the option to turn into the most deferential and succeed country of the world. Uniquely our childhood need to get unrest themselves. When we become ready to change ourselves, we will have the option to make a huge difference. Youth makes a noteworthy number in our all out populace. So if our childhood bring themselves onto the correct track, upset will came in Pakistan. An axiom is that, â€Å"Charity starts at your own home†. So before evolving others, you should start to acquire a positive change yourselves. Unrests aren’t the posterity of an abrupt eruption of suddenness yet a many-sided process that includes each and everybody and it takes a very long time for it to apply change. I would cite Thomas Dewar as: â€Å"Minds resemble parachutes, they work when open†. So we should open our brains and quit accepting each news that is taken care of to us for without speculation, one is non-existent. To change Pakistan, above all else, we should change ourselves. â€Å"The most prominent upset in our age is that of individuals, who by changing the inward mentalities of their psyches, can change the external parts of their lives. † Marilyn Ferguson.

Problems of Library Automation in Africa Essay Example for Free

Issues of Library Automation in Africa Essay In 1981, IBM presented its (PC) for use in the home, office and schools. Preceding that time, there had been a few MS-DOS good PCs that ran DOS programs. As PCs turned out to be progressively across the board in the work environment (ie. a free agent’s office), newâ ways to release their latent capacity created. As littler PCs turned out to be all the more impressive, they could be connected together, or organized, to share memory space, programming and data, and speak with one another. So where does the protection business enter the â€Å"automation† picture? A word from our support: Whats so troublesome about joining individual and business umbrella inclusion? Very little. Get a statement online at this point! Autonomous operators have made some amazing progress in utilizing innovation in the course of recent years. From the mid 1980s through the mid-1990s, autonomous operators generally utilized PC-based robotization frameworks to help productivity and cut expenses. Since 1970, ACORD, a not-revenue driven measures setting relationship for the protection business, has been engaged with computerization. The affiliation is contained transporters, specialists, merchants, arrangement suppliers, affiliations and other invested individuals. â€Å"We aren’t the ones who ‘built’ the computerization system,† said Carolyn â€Å"Cal† Durland, overseeing chief of Standards for ACORD. â€Å"What we did and still do is give principles Forms and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) whereupon the merchants or arrangement suppliers base their mechanization systems.† She disclosed that to discover how the business got computerized, one must look to the sellers and arrangement suppliers. In 1972, the first ACORD structure, a property misfortune notice, went into utilization. Today, ACORD’s measures incorporate Forms, AL3 (Automation Level 3), XML, OLife and ObjX. The Forms are retail location, information assortment vehicles, AL3 is ACORD’s EDI standard (or machine-to-machine, business-to-business, information transmission arrangements or segments), OLife is an information reconciliation standard and ObjX is â€Å"much more than EDI.† During the 1980s-when the quantity of PCs being used expanded significantly ACORD individuals requested normalized electronic transmissions between the agents’â computers and the carriers’ PCs. â€Å"The industry has come to ACORD to solidify endeavors to dispose of duplication of work,† Durland said. â€Å"For model, without one endorsed, countrywide ACORD application, the entirety of the 2,400 or more protection bearers would must have their own structure. Furthermore, the merchants or arrangement suppliers who robotize those structures would need to tweak each form.† Presently that ACORD and the business are working connected at the hip, there is one structure acknowledged and utilized by numerous individuals of those transporters. Moreover, the merchants or arrangement suppliers have the choice to get authorized by ACORD to redistribute the Forms. â€Å"ACORD gives them tools†¦to print the ACORD Forms,† Durland said. â€Å"ACORD’s Forms endeavors have stripped the expenses out of this dispersion channel.† As per Durland, in a similar way that the business met up with ACORD to do Forms, they have likewise attempted to create EDI Standards. â€Å"Through our subcommittee procedure and exacting consistence to hostile to confide in rules, we unite bearers, specialists, merchants, arrangement suppliers and other invested individuals to talk about what is expected to transmit the information collected,† she said. Change is acceptable The business all in all, as indicated by Durland, is delayed to make changes, â€Å"although there are a few transporters that have the assets to be on the main edge of technology.† The starting was somewhat old. â€Å"Carriers understood the advantages of mechanization and created exclusive frameworks that they put in the agents’ offices,† Durland said. â€Å"This brought about the operators having to truly move between various terminals to interface with the transporters robotizing their process.† With the initiation of the office the board merchants and ACORD’s gauges executed in those frameworks, the specialists were reasonably ready to eliminateâ those exclusive terminals and work through one framework. â€Å"This idea called SEMCI, Single Entry Multiple Company Interface, permitted the specialists to keep the information in one place and transmit it electronically to any of the transporters it was authorized to represent,† Durland clarified. One stage forward, two stages back Ten years back, when Durland joined ACORD, there were numerous organization the executives frameworks endeavoring to empower SEMCI. â€Å"Today, because of acquisitions and mergers, there are three essential sellers and a couple of littler ones,† she said. â€Å"SEMCI is as yet the objective for the specialists and the transporters. Be that as it may, with the beginning of Web empowered procedures, the transporters with an end goal to smooth out their expenses returned to restrictive applications. â€Å"Those driving edge bearers set up Web destinations that necessary the operator to go to the website and enter the data. So as opposed to heading off to a different terminal in their office, they presently needed to interface with a Web webpage and rekey the information that was at that point in their databases.† This brought about the acknowledgment of the new standard XML. â€Å"XML is a standard that empowers network between Web applications and office the executives frameworks, notwithstanding business-to-business, business-to-client, etc.,† Durland said. The objective to make sure about SEMCI, as indicated by Durland, can in any case occur with the usage of XML. â€Å"Plus it expands the exchanging accomplice base to be more than the operator to protection carrier,† she said. A push for execution During the 1990s, execution guides were composed and a confirmation procedure was created. Today, there are more than 12,000 transfer and 40,000 download usage utilizing AL3 measures. AL3 keeps on developing and there are new executions consistently, including utilizing AL3 gauges over the Internet. Since the time the beginning of the industry’s robotization, structures standardizationâ continued and still keeps on being a significant concentration for ACORD as the gauges setting affiliation works with various exchanging accomplices inside the business. Today there are approximately 400 ACORD structures. What's more, in spite of the fact that it’s imperative to take note of what number of structures there are, what is significantly increasingly essential to note is the way that these ACORD structures have wiped out or forestalled 80,000 exclusive structures sparing the business a huge number of dollars. Conveying on a worldwide premise As indicated by Durland, ACORD has staff committed to building associations with different gauges setting associations. The truth of the matter is, the business handles business on a worldwide premise, so it just bodes well that the objective is to have the option to convey on a worldwide premise. For instance, Durland brought up that transporters compose inclusion for properties claimed by individuals everywhere throughout the world. Thus, these transporters work with different bearers or reinsurers to share the introduction. When inquired as to why it is so significant for the business to be robotized, Durland stated, â€Å"Automation strips costs out of workflows.† Simply put, to just need to go to one spot for data and to have the option to support clients rapidly and productively is vital. â€Å"For model, the specialist and transporter consent to repay the client on the off chance that they have a misfortune which is secured under their strategy. The client pays an expense dependent on that guarantee. At the point when the misfortune happens, they need somebody to deal with it promptly†¦to be given data on the movement of the goals and be paid or have the thing supplanted ASAP,† Durland said. Mechanization makes it conceivable. â€Å"With the innovation and mechanization accessible to us today, the chances to share data are unlimited,† Durland said. â€Å"The industry understands that and is cooperating to make sense of how to impart electronicallyâ with each other.†

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

HR - Essay Example Today, when contrasted with prior period, line chiefs are being considered increasingly capable and responsible for various capacities in HRD. Contemporary human asset writing shows how today’s line chiefs are accepting significant job explicitly in empowering worker learning and advancement (Siugzdiniene, 2008). Despite the fact that this presumption stays hypothetical and less information exists on usage method, the reality of the situation is that line managers’ job in HRD capacities is progressively turning out to be genuine and undisputed actuality. Two special highlights of the cutting edge HRD approach exists that is: the devolution of HRD practices to line chiefs and the combination of HRD with the general business methodology at times alluded to as Strategic Human Resource Development-SHRD (Siugzdiniene 2008). The significant job of SHRD has advanced to comprise the production of solid linkages with the associations key objectives and foundation of learning condition combined with basic structure, which thusly is encouraged to advance learning with sole point of improving organization’s execution (Siugzdiniene 2008). Further, SHRD includes coordinating HRD capacities with targets of the business. The quintessence of lapsing HRD capacities and practices to line administrators has developed as one of the empowering component of SHRD framework and the general conviction is that line supervisors have the capacity to drive HRD arrangements and practices (Siugzdiniene 2008). Beginning in the good 'ol days of1990s, it turned out to be evident that the conventional job of human asset couldn't direct the occasions of things to come and in this manner need emerged to re-adjust human asset capacities to the new rising components in the association. Such new developing components included culture, conduct, inspiration, and execution (Gratton 1999). In this manner, there was a continuous move from human asset focus on capital

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 9

Worldwide Marketing - Essay Example From the previously mentioned measurements, it may be unmistakably admitted that the awareness and thoughtfulness of the individuals for pet creatures is expanding step by step and this is key explanation for fast development of the pet consideration industry. This rising pattern of human attributes towards pets has demonstrated commendable for the associations working in the pet consideration industry and this factor goes about as positive impetus to the interest of item and administrations of the marked pet consideration organizations and intensifying income to an impressive degree (Australian Companion Animal Council, 2010). The justification of this exposition is to look into the showcasing condition of a marked food association in United Kingdom and India. The organization that has been chosen for this investigation is Nestle Purina Pet Care Company which is a multination pet food brand having solid impression in numerous nations around the globe including United Kingdom and India. So as to do as such, fluctuated kinds of scientific apparatuses are utilized, for example, PEST examination and Porter five powers investigation. As indicated by Australian Companion Animal Council, (2010), the quantity of pets has been expanding each year in an expanding rate. In United Kingdom, the number family units or families having felines are 75% of the quantity of families having pet canine. In inverse to this situation, most extreme level of the Indian family units who own pets, have pet canines when contrasted with felines. Such kind of pattern may demonstrate exceptionally compelling for Nestle Purina Pet-care Company. The above figure of shows that the pattern for pet pooch proprietorship has expanded in India that may demonstrate viable for Nestle Purina Pet-care Company to appreciate expanded interest of their pet food items. The business of pet-care is expanding thus its commitment towards the GDP of the country may not be ignored. This is for the most part for the expanded consideration of the people over the pet creatures. Along these lines, according to the report of Australian Companion

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Elizabeth Kelly Walk 10, 2014 Research Paper Being a popular fighter, you may figure it would be simple, however the fighter Sugar Ray Leonard, made some hard memories advancing toward the expert association. He almost suffocated as a child, was manhandled explicitly, and was not the tallest child in school. Indeed, even as a grown-up Ray confronted gloom, chronic drug use, and being an infrequent substantial consumer. In any case, even all that didn't prevent him from seeking after his fantasy, one he never had an arrangement for, after two of his siblings talked him into the harsh game. On May 17, 1956, the notable fighter, Sugar Ray Leonard, was brought into the world in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Named after his mother’s most loved artist, Ray Charles, his genuine name, isn't regularly utilized. At the point when Leonard was three years of age, they moved to Washington D.C. Being one of six children was hard for the guardians of Leonard. At that point seven years after the fact, his family at long last moved into a pleasant, changeless home in Palmer Park, Maryland, a Baltimore suburb. Tragically as a youngster, Ray saw numerous wrongdoings and passings in his neighborhood. He additionally had a few companions kick the bucket in these territories. At the point when Cicero, Ray’s father, was a youngster, he worked extended periods of time in the field. Afterwards he met Getha. They began dating, at that point got hitched and had kids. With accounts frequently close, his folks, Cicero and Getha, needed to buckle down for their enormous family unit. Beam Leonard’s mother, Getha, filled in as a medical attendant. His dad, Cicero, functioned as a late night store administrator so he was normally gone during the night. Beam Leonard was never an issue in school. He got passing mark and never was an issue for his folks or the educators. As a kid, Leonard wanted to peruse comic books. He had a companion who was somebody who battled in loads of battles and was f... ... in the ring, Leonard chose to resign in 1984. Sugar Ray didn't remain resigned on the grounds that in 1987 he began battling once more. As more battles passed, he chose to resign for good in 1997 with a record of 36-3-1 and 25 knockouts. In that equivalent year of 1997 Ray Leonard was accepted into the Hall of Fame. After Leonard’s awesome profession finished, he has been acquainted with the camera in a decent and diverse manner. Sugar Ray is Khole Kardashian’s adoptive parent, so he has been on several scenes of â€Å"Keeping Up with the Kardashian’s†. Leonard has additionally been season 12 of â€Å"Dancing with the Stars†. Considerably after all Sugar Ray Leonard has experienced, he despite everything dealt with an exceptional boxing profession. He was manhandled, had gotten in a separation, and lived in risky territories with numerous wrongdoings, yet nothing could prevent the boxing star from playing the game he adored.

Country and Jazz - Free Essay Example

Although Jazz and Country Music originated in America around the same era, Jazz differs from Country Music in several ways. Their styles, genres, musicians, and current audience are a few of the major differences. The origins of Country Music can be found in recordings that Southern Appalachian fiddle players made in the late 1910s near the Tennessee-Virginia border. Many of these fiddle tunes came over from the British Isles around the 1700s. It wasnt until the early 1920s, however, that Country Music was a familiar genre. The first commercial recording of Country Music was Sallie Gooden by fiddlist Eck Robertson in 1922 (History of Country Music). Most historians point to 1927, however, as the birth of Country Music because of a man named Jimmie Rodgers. Rodgers is known as the Father of Country Music. He is credited with the first million-selling single, Blue Yodel #1, and his series of songs. All of which was recorded between 1927 and 1933, establishing him as the first dominant voice in Country Music (Jimmie Rodgerss Biography). Rodgers was later inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1961. Many other Country musicians old and new have had quite an impact to Country Music like Jo hnny Cash, Hank Williams, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, and so many others. In contrast to Country, Jazz Music was born in New Orleans, Louisiana during the early 1900s, however, its roots can be found in both African and European musical traditions. New Orleans around the turn of the 20th century was a place filled of cultural and ethnic diversity. As a result, musicians were exposed to an assortment of music styles and sounds. It was a meeting, mixing, and merging of many cultures, several emotions, and many skills. Some historians point to Buddy Bolden as the key developmental figure of New Orleans style Jazz. As well, many early jazz musicians credited Bolden and his bandmates with having originated what came to be known as Jazz. Although the term was not common musical use until after the era of Bolden. No one in the band could read sheet music so all compositions played were either copied from other bands or created on the spot, helping to generate the spontaneous improvisation that would become a hallmark of jazz (Buddy Bolden). Unlike Rodgers, Bolden was not well recognized. Many other Jazz musicians, like Country, have had quite an impact on the development of Jazz like Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, to name just a few. The musical styles of early Country Music were similar to their British ancestors. The lyrics, on the other hand, were completely different. The Americans preferred practical issues such as real-world experiences (ranching, logging, mining, railroads) and real-world tragedies (bank robberies, natural disasters, murders, train accidents) (History of Country Music). I personally like Johnny Cash on occasion and Jimmie Rodgers reminds me a lot of Cash. Rodgerss music is similar to the type of music where the lyrics are almost talked rather than sung, with little instruments used, and the lyrics are about something the singer relates to personally. Rodgerss music was actually influenced by the blues music styling, similarly, some Jazz music genres were too. His hit Blue Yodel #1 captures a part of his life as a young man working as a railway brakeman and traveling musician (YouTube, Waiting for a Train). Some of Rodgerss most popular songs were actually versions of blues classics. Similar to Country, Jazz has had many periods and genres from the 1900s until present. Early development, during the 1920s, is considered The Jazz age. Throughout this period, Jazz Music was called New Orleans or Dixieland Jazz. Developed in New Orleans and later spread to Chicago and New York. Very popular in its time, it combined elements of the blues, ragtime and brass band marching beats, whilst different instruments, such as the trumpet, trombone and clarinet improvised intricate patterns around the melodies. However, the famous musician Louis Armstrong had a changing influence on the sound of Jazz. He was such a brilliant trumpet player that he was allowed to play solos and became Jazzs first great soloist. He is known for songs like Star Dust, La Vie En Rose and What a Wonderful World (YouTube, What a Wonderful World). Country-Pop is perhaps the most listened to today as far as Country Music goes. It is a blend of Country and Pop music and is the sound of many modern artists such as Thomas Rhett, Luke Bryan, Florida Georgia Line, Carrie Underwood, and many others. This genre first appeared in Nashville during the 1960s. Jim Reeves was one of the first successful Country-Pop musicians. He scored his greatest success with Hell Have to Go a hit on both the popular and Country Music charts (Jim Reeves). Most Country-Pop songs include musical sounds from guitars both electric and acoustic, bass, drums, and vocals. There have been many different genres of Country between the 1920s and present. Including Bakersfield Sound, Texas Country, Red Dirt, Western Swing, Bluegrass, Rockabilly, and country-rap to name a few. As far as today, nearly all styles of Jazz are still active including Dixieland, classic Jazz, bop, hard bop, post-bop, the avant-garde and various forms of fusion. The popularity of Jazz has definitely slowed down though. While old and modern Country has stayed rather on top as a popular genre of music as a whole, Jazz not so much. In my opinion Jazz has had a harder time reaching the newer generations. Mostly affected by Jazz stereotypes and cultural ideals. Unlike Country Music, I cant vouch for what genre of Jazz is most listened to today. Furthermore, I can say that Jazz seems to have held onto its music roots. On the other hand, Country is distinctly different today than it was in the early 1900s. Jazz today is still popular but mainly for older folks and cultural ideal breaking individuals. Country and Jazz Music have many similarities and differences. They may have different audiences, styles, and genres, however, their similarities such as era, country of origin, and inspirations tie them together. Sources Jim Reeves https://countrymusichalloffame.org/Inductees/InducteeDetail/jim-reeves Instruments in Country Music: https://countrymusichalloffame.org/education/instruments-in-country-music#.W-8ScC-ZPBI History of Country Music: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-country-music-934030

Schizophrenia Disorder - Free Essay Example

Introduction In the course of medical history, the association between physical and mental health remains a magnet for research. At the core of this interest is the essential role that mental health plays in promoting the physical well-being of individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is a state of wellbeing in which individuals are capable of coping with life stress and asserting themselves as productive members of a particular community (Nordqvist, 2017). In essence, an individual lacking this psychological wellbeing characterized by emotional, behavioral, or social normality perceivably has a mental disorder. Cockerham (2016) estimates that mental ailment constitutes about 10% of all diseases incidences globally. More so, assessments indicate that one in every four people is likely to suffer from a mental condition in their lifetime (Cockerham, 2016). These facts show that mental disorders are a significant challenge to sustainable global health. The most prevalent mental disorders include schizophrenia, dementia, epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorders (Worku Shiferaw, 2014). This essay provides an in-depth analysis of the symptoms, prevalence, etiology, prognosis, and treatment of schizophrenia. It also offers a differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Schizophrenia poses a major threat to the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals across the world. Schizophrenia Symptoms Schizophrenia is one of the most chronic mental disorder attributed to impaired functionality in work, self-care, and in interpersonal relations. Rosenberg (2012) observes that as a persistent and often chronic disorder, schizophrenia affects behavior, thinking, and emotions of an individual. Symptoms of the disorder include positive and negative psychosis as well as cognitive effects. Positive symptoms begin at young adult years and include delusional thoughts, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts (Khan, Montanez, and Muly, 2013). Hallucinations refer to disturbances in sensory perception such as visual or auditory where one sees or hears things not perceived by others (Khan et al, 2013). Delusions such as paranoia may include a false personal belief not subject to reason or contrary to evidence leading to made-up beliefs like persecution, cheating, poisoning, or harassment (Khan et al, 2015). Negative symptoms can be understood as a reduction of what is usually commonly presen t in an individual. The symptoms include monotony in voice, immobility in facial expressions, lack of pressure, reduced quantity and quality of speech (Khan et al, 2013). Henceforth, a patient may appear as lazy and introverted. Lastly, cognitive damage affects memory and execution of functions leading to the failure to achieve expected personal, academic, or career goals (Rosenberg, 2012). As a result, people with schizophrenia may have a lower quality of life compared to the general population. Schizophrenia Prevalence Statistics reveal that schizophrenia constitutes a major disease burden across the globe. Schizophrenia ranks in the WHO assessment as the tenth most prevalent non-fatal disease in the world (Sie, 2011). According to the WHO, the disorder causes 1.1 percent of all total disability-adjusted life years and accounts for 2.8 percent of disability life years (Altamura et al., 2014). Barrow (2016) puts the number of schizophrenia patients in the world at 24 million. Global epidemiologic studies show that the disease incidence varies from between 0.11 to 0.69 per 1,000 while prevalence ranges from 0.6 to .08 percent (Altamura et al., 2014). Importantly, 98% of all reported schizophrenia cases affect individuals below the age of 40 (Altamura et al., 2014). Thus, statistically the risk of getting schizophrenia declines as an individual ages beyond forty years. For example, in Europe estimates indicate that over 5 million people suffer from schizophrenia while 1.5% to 3% of the all health expe nditure in developed countries healthcare goes to manage the disease (Altamura et al., 2014). Accordingly, the prevalence has a global reach that transcends the economic status of a country. Schizophrenia effects cuts across demographic divides. The disease is predominant in early adulthood. Sie (2011) observes the average commencement age for the ailments in men is 18 years and 25 for women. The ailment onset appears early in men compared to women and their symptoms are negative with worse outcomes and limited chances of recovery (Picchioni Murray, 2007). More so, studies reveal that the disorder rates are higher among people born in cities with risk increasing based on how long one dwells in an urban environment (Picchioni Murray, 2007). One study conducted in the UK disclosed that the disease affects more immigrants especially African-Caribbean individuals (Picchioni Murray, 2007). These facts reveal that though the illness is common among young people, it affects people across gender, race, and social status. Etiology of Schizophrenia The cause and risk factors of schizophrenia range from biological, psychosocial, cultural to the environment. Firstly, research suggests a genetic cause to the ailment though there is no attribution to a single gene Sie (2011). Therefore, facility history may explain transmission. Secondly, individuals experiencing excess complications in fetal life and at birth have a high tendency of developing the disorder (Khan et al, 2015). These incidences may link to complicated pregnancies, abnormality in fetal growth, or challenges during delivery. Research also shows a high predominance of babies born in winter and spring to get schizophrenia due to maternal respiratory infections or malnutrition (Khan et al, 2015). Thus, risk factors can predate birth. Secondly, old men with schizotypal personality are likely to father children with schizophrenia (Khan et al, 2015). Thirdly, schizophrenia is more common in urban poor localities (Khan et al, 2015). Fourthly, there is a high incidence for th e sickness among migrants non-white groups (Khan et al, 2015). Both the urban poor and migrant incidences may relate to lack of social support and discrimination that intensify vulnerability to the disease. Fifthly, evidence shows that persistent abuse of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine can induce paranoid schizophrenia (Khan et al, 2015). The delusion and hallucination effect the drugs cause may explain the association with the disorder. Sixth, psychosocial adversities like physical and sexual abuse, bullying, and harassment increase risk of suffering schizophrenia later in life (Khan et al, 2015). Arguably, the genetic predisposition of schizophrenia may increase exposure to these social adversities. Course and Prognosis of Schizophrenia The disorder course has three stages namely premorbid, prodromic, and florid. The premorbid stage describes the period where a patient demonstrates relative normality before the onset of psychotic symptoms (Altamura et al., 2014). Indicators at this level may only include anxiety and depression (Altamura et al., 2014). Hence, it may be problematic to distinguish the signs from other syndromes to allow for early treatment. Premorbid affects 75% of patients, lasts for up to 5 years and results in psychosocial deficits (Altamura et al., 2014). Prodromic phase is identified by deteriorating global functioning as well as the emergence of psychosis. Symptoms include a reduction in functionality, concentration, and motivation as well as insomnia (Sie, 2011). One is likely to suffer severe long-term positive and negative symptoms if the diagnosis and treatment for the first episode are not timely (Sie, 2011). Thus, these two phases occur before the onset of the first episode of schizophrenia psychosis. Lastly, florid phase describes the emergence of the distinctive symptoms for the disorder. The phase between prodromic and florid lasts for about one year (Altamura et al., 2014). Prolonged duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) may lead to delayed remission, long hospitalization, recurrences, depression, suicides, and delinquency (Altamura et al., 2014). Consequently, intervention at the first stage of the illness may reduce DUP. Prognosis studies illustrate that 80 percent of patients who experience their first episode of psychosis will recover whereas recurrence is less than 20%. Thus, schizophrenia has a positive prognosis. Treatment for Schizophrenia There are varied methods of treating and managing schizophrenia. The two main methods of treating the disorder are antipsychotic medicine psychological. The first generation of treatments in the 1950s relied on antipsychotic drugs that worked by blocking the D2 dopamine receptors (Khan et al, 2013). These first-generation antipsychotics drugs such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine are effective against positive psychosis but have no effect on negative psychosis and cognitive impairment (Khan et al, 2013). Moreover, they have neurological side effects. The existence of the side effects contributed to the development of second-generation antipsychotics. The second generations antipsychotic include clozapine, risperidone, amisulpride, and aripiprazole all with the same efficacy as their predecessors (Khan et al, 2013). Majority of them act on more receptors such as serotonin and cholinergic (Khan et al, 2013). The new generation of antipsychotics is inspired by lack of drugs that are va luable for negative and cognitive symptoms. These new drugs such as xanomeline targets non-dopamine neurotransmitter systems (Khan et al, 2013). Consequently, the evolution of schizophrenia drugs resulted from the need to act beyond the dopamine system while overcoming variation in symptoms. Several psychological treatments help manage symptoms, improve functioning and prevent psychosis relapse in schizophrenia patients. Firstly, empirical review demonstrates that cognitive behavior therapy can reduce the persistence of the ailment. Medical guidelines recommend about 10 therapy sessions over a period of three months (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Secondly, family therapy can also support patients and their caregivers. Family therapy enhances communication with family members while reducing distress and symptoms (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Finally, reviews allude to the benefits of psycho-education reducing relapse and readmission (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Though the methods require a trained therapist, they can help bolster the outcomes of drug treatment. Differential Diagnosis for Schizophrenia Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be considered in the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. Kokurcan and Atbasoglu (2016) maintain that mild autistic disorder if not diagnosed at childhood can appear as psychiatric syndromes such as mood and psychosis during adulthood. For that reason, behavioral symptoms can be a manifestation of ASD rather than psychosis disorders. Symptoms shared by schizophrenia and ASD include disorganization, excitation, and social adaptation challenge (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). More so, the two conditions share a commonality in inadequate social interactions and communication (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Social withdraw due to discrimination can also be common between the two. While disorganization in schizophrenia has a more constant course in most behaviors, it does not depict a ritualistic pattern in the case of ASD (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Individuals who show special interest in a specific issue and know everything about it may have ASD rather than psychotic disorder (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Moreover, ASD patients show social communication difficulty with low anxiety while schizophrenic people have paranoid delusions and high social anxiety (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Consequently, it is essential to evaluate behavioral attributes to differentiate between the two disorders to avoid comorbid diagnosis. Conclusion In summary, it emerges that schizophrenia is a major threat to the mental health in the society. Individuals suffering from the disorder are likely to be dysfunctional and unproductive in their personal and social life due to the psychosis symptoms. The prevalence of the disease reveals that the disease is not only common globally but also affects people across age, gender, and race. However, the incidences display the need to reduce the risk factors among men, youth, and poor non-Caucasian urban dwellers. Based on the etiology, it is hard to prevent genetic schizophrenia but proper management of pregnancies and delivery can reduce the early life disorder. Besides, offering social support for marginalized groups and controlling social factors like drug and physical abuse may prevent the illness. Prognosis shows that intervention to prevent prolonged duration of untreated psychosis may reduce chronic cases of admission, recurrence, or relapses. Although past treatment relied on antips ychotic drugs working on the dopamine system, current medicine targets more neurotransmitters. Increasingly, modern drugs must not only reduce side effects but also work on negative and cognitive symptoms. Moreover, psychological methods such as therapies can better alleviate the suffering of patients and their families during medication. Progressively, misdiagnosis of schizophrenia can be avoided through differential diagnosis of related diseases such as Autism Spectrum Disorder. References Altamura, C., Fagiolini, A., Galderisi, S., Rocca, P., Rossi, A. (2014). Schizophrenia today: Epidemiology, diagnosis, course, and models of care. Journal of Psychopathology, 20, 223-243. Barrow, L. F. (2016). Factors that influence access to mental health care service: The perspective of service users and the community in western 2 health region of the Gambia (Unpublished Masters thesis). University of Oslo, Norway. Cockerham, W. C. (2016). Sociology of mental disorder. Oxfordshire, U.K: Taylor Francis. Khan, R. S., Sommer, I. 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